Optimal Precursor Perturbations of El Niño in the Zebiak-Cane Model for Different Cost Functions
XU Hui
Figure 1 Optimal precursors and the sea surface temperature anomaly SSTA after 12 months with the initial months being January, April, July, and October for the cost function defined as the SSTA development in the Ni#cod#x000f1;o3 area. The top panels are the initial SSTA component, the middle panels are the initial thermocline depth anomaly component, and the bottom panels are the SSTA development after 12 months. The square frames label the Ni#cod#x000f1;o3 and Ni#cod#x000f1;o4 areas.