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| Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing over Shandong Peninsula in East Asia from 2004 to 2011 |
| XIN Jin-Yuan1, ZHANG Qing2, GONG Chong-Shui1, WANG Yue-Si1, DU Wu-Peng3, ZHAO Yong-Fang4 |
1State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
2China Communication Information Center Co., Ltd, Beijing 100088, China
3Beijing Municipal Climate Center, Beijing Meteorological Service, Beijing 100089
4Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China |
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Abstract Recent vigorous industrialization and urbanization in Shandong Peninsula, China, have resulted in the emission of heavy anthropogenic aerosols over the region. The annual means of aerosol optical depth (AOD), ?ngstr?m exponent (α), single-scattering albedo (SSA), aerosol direct radiative forcing (ARF), surface radiative forcing (SRF), and top-of-the atmospheric radiative forcing (TOA) recorded during 2004–2011 were respectively 0.67±0.19, 1.25±0.24, 0.93±0.03, 47±9 W m-2, -61±9 W m-2, and -14±8 W m-2. The aerosol optical properties and ARF characteristics showed remarkable seasonal variations due to cycle changes in the aerosol components and dominance type. The atmosphere-surface system was cooled by ARF in all years of the study due to anthropogenic sulfate and nitrate emission and sea salt aerosols. The magnitude of TOA cooling was larger in summer (-15±17 W m-2) and autumn (-12±7 W m-2) than that in spring (-8±4 W m-2) and winter (-9±10 W m-2).
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Received: 30 July 2013
Revised: 16 September 2013
Accepted: 22 September 2013
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Corresponding Author:
WANG Yue-Si
E-mail: wys@mail.iap.ac.cn
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