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A Theoretical Explanation of Anomalous Atmospheric Circulation Associated with ENSO Modoki during Boreal Winter |
XING Nan1,2, LI Jian-Ping1, LI Yao-Kun3 |
1State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
2University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China |
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Abstract Based on a linear model, the present study pro?vides analytical solutions for ideal triple forcing sources similar to sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) patterns associated with El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Modoki in winter. The ideal triple pattern is composed of an equatorially symmetric heat source in the middle and equatorially asymmetric cold forcing in the southeast and northwest. The equatorially symmetric heat source excites low-level cyclonic circulation anomalies associated with Rossby waves in both hemispheres, while the northwest-ern and southeastern equatorially asymmetric cold sources induce low-level anomalous anticyclones associated with Rossby waves in the hemisphere where the forcing source is located. Low-level zonal winds converge toward the heat sources associated with Kelvin and Rossby waves. Due to unequal forcing intensity in the northwest and sou?theast, atmospheric responses around the equatorially sym?metric forcing become asymmetric, and low-level cyclonic circulation anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere become greater than those in the Northern Hemisphere. Ascending (descending) flows coincide with heat (cold) sources, res?ulting in a double-cell structure over the regions of forc-ing sources. Ideal triple patterns similar to SSTA patterns associated with La Ni?a Modoki produce opposite atmos?pheric responses. The theoretical atmospheric responses are consistent with observed circulation anomalies associ-ated with ENSO Modoki. Therefore, the theoretical solu-tions can explain the dynamics responsible for atmos-pheric circulation anomalies associated with ENSO Mo-doki events.
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Received: 03 March 2014
Revised: 21 March 2014
Accepted: 01 April 2014
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Corresponding Author:
LI Jian-Ping
E-mail: ljp@lasg.iap.ac.cn
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